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[China Glass Net] As a unique design in modern architecture, the glass curtain wall not only reflects the better combination of architecture and aesthetic structure design, but also perfectly reflects the various functions of glass. For example, the transparency of the glass curtain wall is better through the glass line of sight, and the field of view is larger, so that the environment inside and outside the building is connected and integrated. The glass curtain wall has good process performance, the glass curtain wall support member is meticulously processed, the surface is smooth, and has a good sense of craftsmanship and art. It can adapt to any geometric shape and produce rich changes in the building shape, which can fully reflect the designer's imagination and creativity. . One of the big highlights of the current use of glass curtain walls is that the use of various energy-efficient curtain wall glass greatly reduces the energy consumption of buildings. Despite this, in the past period, many construction projects have been plagued by glass curtain walls, and some glass curtain walls have received attention from all walks of life for their glass breakage and glass fall.
There are many problems in the glass curtain wall, such as glass breakage, structural glue failure, poor fire resistance of glass curtain wall, failure of glass curtain wall support structure, failure of glass curtain wall fixture, etc. Below, we analyze and demonstrate various problems existing in glass curtain wall. And explore ways to solve problems.
Glass bursting caused by impurity nickel sulfide
There are many reasons for causing glass breakage. The following is mainly to analyze and demonstrate the fracture of glass caused by nickel sulfide and thermal stress.
Nickel sulphide is an inevitable harmful impurity in the production process of glass. Nickel sulphide itself does not cause any damage to the glass. However, when the curtain wall glass containing nickel sulphide is installed on the curtain wall, the volume of nickel sulphide is minute due to the increase of external temperature. The change causes tiny cracks in the interior of the glass. These cracks pass through the tension layer of the tempered glass and release the internal energy, causing the glass to break.
The solution is to start with the source, the glass manufacturer should monitor the glass manufacturing process to minimize the contact between the nickel-containing materials and the glass raw materials. Secondly, after the installation of the curtain wall glass, there is a technology for detecting the presence of nickel sulfide impurities by photography. If it is necessary, the necessary replacement should be carried out in time to prevent the glass from being damaged after being broken. It is also possible to replace the single-piece tempered glass and the tempered insulating glass with laminated glass. If the nickel sulfide impurities are broken due to deformation, the fragments are still adhered to the film, and glass rain is not formed to cause damage to the ground personnel.
Glass breakage caused by thermal stress
Thermal stress is an important cause of glass curtain wall breakage. There are many reasons for the heating of the glass curtain wall, but the main heat source is sunlight. When the sunlight is irradiated on the surface of the glass curtain wall, the glass will be thermally expanded. If the glass is evenly heated, the glass edge and the central portion of the glass will expand evenly at the same time, but if the edge The inside of the glass and the glass are unevenly heated, and tensile stress is generated inside the glass. When there are cracks or micro cracks on the edge of the glass, these defects are easily affected by thermal stress. As the temperature difference increases, the thermal stress causes the crack to gradually Increase the size and cause the glass to break.
The solution is to first finish the edge of the glass, using fine-edged or polished edges to reduce the presence of micro-cracks; secondly, to temper the glass to enhance the glass's ability to resist temperature changes; the third is in the glass During processing, handling, and installation, the glass must be properly protected. Be careful not to collide and rub the edge of the glass with other hard objects. Strictly follow the operating procedures, especially during the installation process. If the frame is not suitable (too small or distorted) Deformation), be sure not to pinch the corners of the glass with pliers, be sure to correct the frame to fit the size of the glass.
Glass curtain wall has poor fire resistance
The glass curtain wall is a non-combustible material, but in the face of fire, it can soften or even melt. Therefore, in the architectural design, we must fully consider the fire protection requirements of the building. The general glass curtain wall has a low fireproof effect, fire-resistant integrity, and low fire-resistance. In a fire, the glass breaks in a short time.
The solution is that during the actual construction process, the designer carries out different designs according to the different fire protection requirements of the building. For buildings with general fire protection requirements, the glass is made of glass brick, tempered glass, small flat glass, etc. For buildings with high fire protection requirements, the curtain wall glass uses brushed glass, single piece fireproof glass, composite fireproof glass, fireproof insulating glass and the like. Composite fireproof glass is a widely used fireproof curtain wall glass. When a fire occurs, the fire surface glass is thermally cracked for a certain period of time. However, due to the presence of fireproof film, the glass is adhered to the film and does not fall, maintaining the glass. Integrity. At the same time, because the film itself has a fireproof effect, it not only blocks the fire spread, but also ensures that the temperature of the backfire surface does not rise rapidly and controls the spread of fire.
Curtain wall glass structural adhesive failure
Because the glass curtain wall has long been affected by the unfavorable factors of the natural environment, such as wind, sun, rain, ultraviolet radiation, earthquakes, etc., it is required that the glass curtain wall must have weather resistance, durability, corrosion resistance, as a bonding material. Structural glue has become the focus of attention. In cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, etc., where glass curtain walls were used earlier, curtain wall glass fall occurred. How to determine whether a piece of glass structural glue is invalid can be said to be difficult, but to ensure the safety of personnel and vehicles, If a large area of ​​glass curtain wall is to be replaced by a huge expenditure, in the face of this situation, the owners are in a dilemma.
The solution is to first limit the use of hidden glass curtain wall. It is necessary to protect the glass curtain wall that has passed the quality guarantee period. For example, fences, green belts and hanging curtains are installed around the glass curtain wall to prevent falling glass damage and passing pedestrians. vehicle. The second is to use the bright frame and semi-hidden frame glass curtain wall as much as possible, because even if the structural adhesive fails, the chance of glass falling will be greatly reduced due to the support and constraints of the frame.
Glass curtain wall support structure failure
Not all problems with glass curtain walls are caused by the glass itself. Sometimes the failure of the frame structure supporting the glass will also cause the problem of the glass curtain wall. The frame structure used to support the glass is often the weak link of the glass curtain wall. If the design of the original frame system is unreasonable, the frame structure cannot withstand the gravity in the building, and then the deformation occurs, which eventually leads to glass breakage.
The solution is to carry out anti-fatigue experiments on the frame structure during the design process, and then design the corresponding curtain wall glass according to its anti-fatigue ability to prevent the frame from overloading for a long time.
Glass curtain wall fastener fixing device failure
All glass curtain walls rely on fasteners to assemble the curtain wall and secure it to the building. However, the unpredictable defects of the fastener fixing device may cause serious structural problems and even cause the curtain wall glass to fall.
The solution is to carry out the necessary inspection of the fasteners before installing the glass curtain wall. After the inspection is passed, it can be installed and used on site. In addition, for the curtain wall glass falling caused by the loose bolts, we use special lock nuts to lock the bolts during the actual construction process to prevent the bolts from slipping down, or use specific washers to ensure that the bolts do not fall off after tightening.
Other problems caused by the glass curtain wall
The glass curtain wall has caused more than the above problems. Due to the large-scale use of the glass curtain wall, light pollution, color pollution and heat pollution are some problems that cannot be ignored. Although glass curtain wall has such problems or problems, as a designer, producer, and user, as long as they fully understand and develop their strengths and avoid weaknesses, the glass curtain wall is still a bright spot of modern architecture.
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