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The Nanyue State of Zengxiong’s southern 100-year-old demise was destroyed by the 100,000-strong army sent by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in 111 BC. The palace of the South Vietnamese country became a pile of rubble buried in the dust of history. The discovery of the tomb of Nanyue Wenwang in 1983 was hailed as one of the top ten archaeological discoveries in China in the 20th century. The Tomb of Nanyue King is the tomb of the Han Dynasty that has the largest scale, the most abundant and unearthed cultural relics, and the highest identity of the tomb owner. More than 1,000 pieces of cultural relics were unearthed in the tomb, with copper, iron, pottery and jade accounting for the largest proportion. Among them, jade articles are particularly eye-catching. The number of them, the variety and preservation of the jade are rare in the tombs that have been excavated in the country. They show the depth of the development of the culture of Nanyue Guoyu, many of which are called jade. The peak of Hanyu.
The group jade is also known as the jade group decoration, which refers to the precious decorations made up of jade, jade, jade ring and other accessories, combined with agate, crystal and other accessories. Yu Pei's development history in China is very early. As early as the ancient times, the ancestors began to wear jade, and during the Warring States period, Peiyu became a habit. The ancients Pei Yu is embodied in the concept of Jade Bide. "The ancient gentleman will wear jade", "The gentleman has no reason, and jade does not go away." Peiyu is not a casual decoration in ancient society. It has the role of expressing status, expressing emotions and social interactions.
There are 11 sets of Yupei unearthed from the Tomb of the King of South Vietnam. Among them, the set of the tomb is the most gorgeous, sharing 32 ornaments, especially the small gold beads, small coal beads and small dancers in the middle make the whole set of jade lively and have a sense of rhythm. . The whole set of jade, from the chest to the knee is about 60 cm long, covered in jade clothes. The other two sets are the jade that the right lady of the tomb owner loves. The three sets of jade were restored according to the location of the excavation. These groups of jade show that the South Vietnamese aristocrats who are far from the control of the Central Plains Orthodox dynasty did not follow the Central Plains Han Dynasty in the aesthetic taste. The group jade they wore still maintained the characteristics of the jade in the Warring States period, in pursuit of complex design and Gorgeous decorative effects are mainstream. This not only includes the advertised personality and individuality of the South Vietnamese artisans, but also reflects the regional characteristics of the South Vietnamese country in aesthetics.
In addition to the gorgeous and unusual group decoration, there is also a piece of openwork dragon and phoenix heavy ring jade is worth mentioning. It was unearthed from the right eye of the tomb owner, and the erosion of more than 2,000 years made it slightly old. In the inner ring, there is a dragon standing upright and turned out. The outer ring of the phoenix bird is graceful and stands on the dragon claw. The phoenix bird turned back and whispered in the dragon, interpreting the ancient legends of dragons and phoenixes, expressing good wishes and blessings, and reflecting the new interpretation of the traditional dragon and phoenix theme by the craftsmen at that time. This dragon and phoenix can be said to be the most perfect composition of Chinese ideals. It not only reflects the distinctive aesthetic style of the Han Dynasty, but also reflects that the Nanyue Guozhi jade technology has reached the peak level, so it is well-deserved as the museum's emblem.
In addition, a gold hook buckle Yulong jade ornaments are also quite characteristic of the times. It is made up of a jade carved engraved jade dragon and a gold tiger head with a hook. The jade dragon is glaring and turning back into a bite shape, which constitutes a scene of tigers and dragons. It is very powerful. .
Among the jade articles unearthed in Qin and Han Dynasties, the jade containers are quite rare, and there are 5 pieces found in the tomb of the Nanyue King in the Western Han Dynasty, and the pieces are finely crafted, beautiful and different in style. These five jade containers, except for the copper frame jade, are from a kitchen in the west side room, and the other four are from the main chamber. The scenes of the Nanyue national aristocrats who are staggered and sang by the wine are fully and magnificently displayed through these jade wine containers.
Among these jade containers, the weight of the weight is the angled jade cup, which is made of a whole piece of white and white jade jade. The layout is ingenious and the carving is skillful. Smooth bas-relief, high relief, just the right openwork, especially the bottom of the reverse turn, the beauty of the whole jade container is fully realized. This jade container is undoubtedly the pinnacle of Hanyu, and it also shows that the development level of Nanyue Guoyu culture is comparable to that of the Central Plains.
In the ancient West, this kind of angled cup was very popular, and the Greeks called it "coming through" and regarded it as a sacred object. Afterwards, various forms of communication were found in the areas of West Asia and Central Asia. We can imagine that the wonderful South Vietnamese country will never be closed, and it must have produced a spark of multicultural collision and a splendid exchange. The special temperament of pragmatism, compatibility and innovation makes it extremely creative to integrate the culture brought together from the north, the south, and the south into a unique Lingnan culture.
The hook is a belt buckle for the ancients. It has a hook at one end and a button on one end for connecting the ends of the belt. It is different from the belt buckle that is commonly used today, but it has the same function.
The earliest hooks in China appeared in the Liangzhu culture of the Neolithic Age. A total of 4 jade hooks were unearthed from the tomb of the Nanyue King, both of which were in the head box of the main chamber of the Nanyue King's Tomb. These four jade belts are graceful and elegant. But what is puzzling is that they are not placed on the waist and abdomen of the tomb owner like other hooks, but hidden in the head box of Princess Nanyue. "Han Han Shu" has a record: "Guanglu Xun å 有 å å å å å å å å å å å å å å å å å å å å å å å å å å å å å å å ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... When Wu Di first met her, there was a jade hook in his hand. These records all seem to metaphorize the jade hook with auspicious signs.
It can be seen that the four pieces of jade belt hooks placed in the head box of the tomb are used to tie the waist before the birth of Nanyue Wang, and they are used as funeral objects after their death, and are given auspicious meaning.
The most exquisite of the four jade belt hooks is the dragon and tiger body jade hook and the eight-section iron core jade hook. The former is jade, translucent, jade crystal clear, well preserved, the head is tiger-shaped, the end is dragon-shaped, the dragon and tiger are juxtaposed, and curved into an "S" shape. A seam is drawn between the two bodies to show the split. The upper part of the hook is open-cut, the dragon mouth bites the ring, the claws are extended, and the tiger also stretches a claw ring, which is beautifully carved and conceived. The latter has a sapphire texture with a dark brown spot. The whole body is round carved, the hook is the faucet, and the hook is the tiger head. The tiger's head is toothy, and the hook body is a combination of dragon and tiger, totaling 8 knots. There is a round hole through, and a wire is used to collude. This hook has a complicated design and exquisite craftsmanship. It must have more complicated meanings than the dragon and the tiger.
The custom of decorating with jade on the sword began in the Western Zhou Dynasty and flourished in the Warring States Period. The jade on the jade sword is mainly used for decoration. It has different practical values ​​and names depending on the location. The four pieces of jade ornaments from the head of the sword to the end of the scabbard are: sword head, sword, sword, and sword. In the tomb of the South Vietnamese King, 58 pieces of jade swords were unearthed, most of them were high reliefs. The images of the dragons, tigers and beasts were vivid and vivid. They were amazing. In the tomb, there are so many unearthed styles, such a wonderful composition and so skilled craftsmanship, which is the crown of the Han Dynasty jade sword.
In the 93 years of the existence of the South Vietnam, in order to maintain the stability of the region and to use its financial resources for armaments, it has promoted the development of the entire South Vietnam national weapons casting process. It is not difficult to imagine that the superior quality swords have become the kings of the South Vietnamese kings. The treasure of seeking. With the sword, the decoration of the sword has become a fashion. These jade sword ornaments are not only the historical witness of the prosperity and decline of the South Vietnamese country, but also the immortal object of demonstrating the talents and the jade craftsmanship.
The tomb of the Nanyue King of the Western Han Dynasty also unearthed a beautifully carved round jade dancer, which is also the only carved jade dancer unearthed in the Western Han Dynasty. Han Feizi once said, "Long-sleeved dance, more wealth and good valley", this jade dance may be the famous long-sleeved dance of the Han Dynasty. In those days, people would skip the long sleeve dance and accumulate wealth. Women can change their destiny by jumping long sleeves. Zhao Feiyan flew up the branches and turned into a phoenix overnight, becoming the favor of Hancheng Emperor, because she is good at dancing long sleeves. Han Gaozu's favorite wife, the history book, is also a famous long-sleeved dance expert. This jade dancer is a typical Vietnamese dance. Her head is combed with snails, light and wide sleeves, buttocks on the hips. She looks like boneless. She is graceful, dressed in fashion, sings while dancing, and looks charming. This jade dancer reveals the love and affection of the craftsmen to the perfect women in the real world.
There is a cloud in the Book of Songs. "If there is a gentleman, if you cut it like a book, if you are like a grind; if you have a gentleman, such as Jin Ruxi, such as Gui Ruzhen." Jade is a beautiful stone without life, but in ancient China, various jade articles made of jade were endowed with infinite spirituality and humanity and became a supernatural object. It is not only a sign of the status level, but also a ritual to communicate with God, or an auspicious thing to ward off evil and quarantine, and a symbol of Confucianism. "The gentleman is better than the jade", "Ning is jade, not for the whole" is the best interpretation of this. It can be said that in the eyes of the ancients, jade is an indispensable spiritual pillar of life. It plays a special role in Chinese traditional culture and ritual customs, and plays a role that cannot be replaced by other artifacts. The number of jade artifacts unearthed from the Tomb of the South Vietnamese King, the variety of the variety, the exquisite carvings are very rare, opening a door for us to understand and understand this mysterious kingdom in Lingnan history, so that we can understand the culture of Nanyue Guoyu from one side. The overall picture of development.
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